stubby - a local DNS Privacy stub resolver
stubby [-C file] [-ghilV] [-v loglevel]
stubby acts as a local DNS Privacy stub resolver, using DNS-over-TLS. Stubby encrypts DNS queries sent from the local machine to a DNS Privacy resolver, increasing end user privacy.
stubby is in the early stages of development but is suitable for technical/advanced users.
stubby provides DNS Privacy by running as a daemon that listens on the loopback address for DNS queries, and forwards those queries out over TLS. The default configuration provides Strict Privacy, and uses a subset of available DNS Privacy servers. See https://dnsprivacy.org/wiki/display/DP/DNS+Privacy+Test+Servers
-C file
Read settings from the configuration file file. If this option is not given, stubby looks for a configuration file at ~/.stubby.yml. If this is not present, stubby falls back to the global configuration file /usr/local/etc/stubby/stubby.yml.
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-g |
Run stubby as a daemon. | ||
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-h |
Print a usage message and exit. | ||
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-i |
Read the configuration, validate the contents, pretty-print them to the standard output and exit. | ||
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-l |
Enable all logging. Equivalent to -v 7. |
-v loglevel
Enable logging. All logging
messages at or below loglevel are printed to standard
error:
0: EMERG
The system is unusable
1: ALERT
Action must be taken immediately
2: CRIT
Critical conditions
3: ERROR
Error conditions
4: WARN
Warning conditions
5: NOTICE
Normal, but significant, conditions
6: INFO
Information messages
7: DEBUG
Debug-level messages
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-V |
Print the stubby version and exit. |
The configuration file is in YAML. An example config is:
resolution_type:
GETDNS_RESOLUTION_STUB
dns_transport_list:
- GETDNS_TRANSPORT_TLS
tls_authentication: GETDNS_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED
tls_query_padding_blocksize: 256
edns_client_subnet_private : 1
idle_timeout: 10000
listen_addresses:
- 127.0.0.1
- 0::1
round_robin_upstreams: 1
upstream_recursive_servers:
- address_data: 145.100.185.15
tls_auth_name: "dnsovertls.sinodun.com"
tls_pubkey_pinset:
- digest: "sha256"
value: 62lKu9HsDVbyiPenApnc4sfmSYTHOVfFgL3pyB+cBL4=
- address_data: 145.100.185.16
tls_auth_name: "dnsovertls1.sinodun.com"
tls_pubkey_pinset:
- digest: "sha256"
value: cE2ecALeE5B+urJhDrJlVFmf38cJLAvqekONvjvpqUA=
- address_data: 185.49.141.37
tls_auth_name: "getdnsapi.net"
tls_pubkey_pinset:
- digest: "sha256"
value: foxZRnIh9gZpWnl+zEiKa0EJ2rdCGroMWm02gaxSc9Q=
- address_data: 2001:610:1:40ba:145:100:185:15
tls_auth_name: "dnsovertls.sinodun.com"
tls_pubkey_pinset:
- digest: "sha256"
value: 62lKu9HsDVbyiPenApnc4sfmSYTHOVfFgL3pyB+cBL4=
- address_data: 2001:610:1:40ba:145:100:185:16
tls_auth_name: "dnsovertls1.sinodun.com"
tls_pubkey_pinset:
- digest: "sha256"
value: cE2ecALeE5B+urJhDrJlVFmf38cJLAvqekONvjvpqUA=
- address_data: 2a04:b900:0:100::38
tls_auth_name: "getdnsapi.net"
tls_pubkey_pinset:
- digest: "sha256"
value: foxZRnIh9gZpWnl+zEiKa0EJ2rdCGroMWm02gaxSc9Q=
The
configuration items are as follow. Some take constant values
from the getdns library underlying stubby and
further explanation of their values may be found in the
getdns documentation or at
http://www.getdnsapi.net
resolution_type resolution.
This must be set to GETDNS_RESOLUTION_STUB for historic reasons. stubby will exit with an error if any other setting is used.
dns_transport_list list
Set the list of transport types to be used. For DNS Privacy this must be set to GETDNS_TRANSPORT_TLS. Clear text transports are GETDNS_TRANSPORT_TCP and GETDNS_TRANSPORT_UDP
tls_authentication type
Set the type of authentication required. For Strict Privacy, this should be set to GETDNS_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED. For Opportunistic mode, remove this setting or set to GETDNS_AUTHENTICATION_NONE. In Opportunistic mode authentication of the nameserver is not required and fallback to clear text transports is permitted if they are in dns_transport_list
tls_query_padding_blocksize blocksize
Use the EDNS0 padding option to pad DNS queries to hide their size.
edns_client_subnet_private 0 or 1
If 1, use EDNS0 Client Subnet privacy so the client s ubnet is not sent to authoritative servers.
idle_timeout timeout
Use an EDNS0 Keepalive idle timeout of timeout milliseconds unless overridden by the server. This keeps idle TLS connections open to avoid the overhead of opening a new connection for every query.
round_robin_upstreams 0 or 1
If 1, round robin queries across all the configured upstream servers. Without this option stubby will use each upstream server sequentially until it becomes unavailable and then move on to use the next.
upstream_recursive_servers server list
Specify the upstream servers
that stubby is to use. Each item in the list contains
the following items:
address_data address
IPv4 or IPv6 address of the server.
tls_auth_name name
This is the authentication domain name that will be verified against the presented certificate.
tls_pubkey_pinset pinset
The sha256 SPKI pinset for the
server. This is also verified against the presented
certificate. This contains two items:
digest type
The type of the key digest.
value keyval
The key value.
~/.stubby.yml
/usr/local/etc/stubby/stubby.yml
https://getdnsapi.net/
https://dnsprivacy.org/wiki/display/DP/DNS+Privacy+Daemon+-+Stubby